一、RabbitMQ
python的Queue与RabbitMQ之间的理解：
python的进程或线程Queue只能python自己用。RabbitMQ队列多个应用之间共享队列，互相通信。
1、简单的实现生产者与消费者
生产者
（1）建立socket连接；（2）声明一个管道；（3）声明队列（queue）；（4）通过管道发消息；（5）routing_key（queue名字）；（6）body（内容）
消费者
（1）建立连接；（2）声明管道；（3）声明队列；（4）消费者声明队列（防止生产者后启动，消费者报错）；（5）消费消息；（6）callback如果收到消息就调用函数处理消息 queue队列名字；
#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# @Author : Willpower-chen# @blog: http://www.cnblogs.com/willpower-chen/import pika#建立socket连接connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))#声明一个管道channel = connection.channel()#声明一个队列channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')#通过管道发消息，routing_key 队列queue名字 ，body发送内容channel.basic_publish(exchange='', routing_key='hello', body='Hello World! 1 2')print("[x] send 'Hello World! 1 2 '")connection.close() #!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# @Author : Willpower-chen# @blog: http://www.cnblogs.com/willpower-chen/import pika,time#建立连接connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))#声明一个管道channel = connection.channel()#声明队列，防止生产者（发送端）没开启，消费者端报错channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')#ch管道的内存对象地址，如果收到消息就调用函数callback，处理消息def callbak(ch,method,properties,body): print("[x] Received %r " % body) # time.sleep(30)#消费消息channel.basic_consume(callbak, queue='hello', no_ack=True #消息有没处理，都不给生产者发确认消息 )print('[*] Waitting for messages TO exit press ctrl+c')channel.start_consuming() #开始 2、消费者对生产者，可以1对多，而且默认是轮询机制
no_ack=True如果注释掉的话，消费者端不给服务器端确认收到消息，服务器端就不会把要发的消息从队列里清除
如下图注释了no_ack，加了一个时间，
开启三个消费者，一个生产者，生产者只send一次数据，挨个停止consumer，会发现同一条消息会被重新发给下一个consumer，直到producer收到consumer的确认收到的消息
3、队列查询
清除队列消息
4、消息持久化
（1）durable只是队列持久化
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello',durable=True)
生产者和消费者都需要添加durable=True
（2）要实现消息持久化，还需要
5、消息（1对多）实现权重功能
消费者端添加在消费消息之前
channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)
6、广播消息fanout（纯广播）订阅发布
#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# @Author : Willpower-chen# @blog: http://www.cnblogs.com/willpower-chen/import pikaimport sysconnection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( host='localhost'))channel = connection.channel()channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs', type='fanout')#message = ' '.join(sys.argv[1:]) or "info: Hello World!"message = "info: Hello World!2"channel.basic_publish(exchange='logs', routing_key='', body=message)print(" [x] Sent %r" % message)connection.close() #!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# @Author : Willpower-chen# @blog: http://www.cnblogs.com/willpower-chen/import pikaconnection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( host='localhost'))channel = connection.channel()channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs', type='fanout')result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)queue_name = result.method.queueprint("random queuename",queue_name)channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs', queue=queue_name)print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')def callback(ch, method, properties, body): print(" [x] %r" % body)channel.basic_consume(callback, queue=queue_name, no_ack=True)channel.start_consuming() 7、direct广播模式(有选择性的发送接收消息)
import pikaimport sysconnection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( host='localhost'))channel = connection.channel()channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs', type='direct')severity = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else 'info'message = ' '.join(sys.argv[2:]) or 'Hello World!'channel.basic_publish(exchange='direct_logs', routing_key=severity, body=message)print(" [x] Sent %r:%r" % (severity, message))connection.close() #!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# @Author : Willpower-chen# @blog: http://www.cnblogs.com/willpower-chen/import pikaimport sysconnection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( host='localhost'))channel = connection.channel()channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs', type='direct')result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)queue_name = result.method.queueseverities = sys.argv[1:]if not severities: sys.stderr.write("Usage: %s [info] [warning] [error]\n" % sys.argv[0]) sys.exit(1)for severity in severities: channel.queue_bind(exchange='direct_logs', queue=queue_name, routing_key=severity)print(severities)print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')def callback(ch, method, properties, body): print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))channel.basic_consume(callback, queue=queue_name, no_ack=True)channel.start_consuming() 
8、更细致的消息判断 type = topic
#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# @Author : Willpower-chen# @blog: http://www.cnblogs.com/willpower-chen/import pikaimport sysconnection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( host='localhost'))channel = connection.channel()channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs', type='topic')routing_key = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else 'anonymous.info'message = ' '.join(sys.argv[2:]) or 'Hello World!'channel.basic_publish(exchange='topic_logs', routing_key=routing_key, body=message)print(" [x] Sent %r:%r" % (routing_key, message))connection.close() #!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# @Author : Willpower-chen# @blog: http://www.cnblogs.com/willpower-chen/import pikaimport sysconnection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( host='localhost'))channel = connection.channel()channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs', type='topic')result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)queue_name = result.method.queuebinding_keys = sys.argv[1:]if not binding_keys: sys.stderr.write("Usage: %s [binding_key]...\n" % sys.argv[0]) sys.exit(1)for binding_key in binding_keys: channel.queue_bind(exchange='topic_logs', queue=queue_name, routing_key=binding_key)print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')def callback(ch, method, properties, body): print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))channel.basic_consume(callback, queue=queue_name, no_ack=True)channel.start_consuming() 